Liquid-fuel burner.



8-. F. A'TWOO'DL I LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 19. 1917.

"Patented Aug, 20, 19-18.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 3 4 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

S. F. ATWOOD.

UQU|D FUEL BURNER. APPLICATIQN FILED mac. I9, 1917.

/ Patented Aug. 20, 1918..

' 2 SHEETSSHEE12.

JAZZUQO Z QINVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

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Specification of letters Patent.

i atented Au 20, 1918.

Continuation'in part of application Serial No. 135,47t, filed December 61916. This application filed December 1.), 1917. Serial No. 20?,903.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SMITH F'Arwoon, a citizen of the United States,'residin at Chicago, in the county of Cook and tate of Illinois, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in a gas producing burner adaptedto burn or consume fluid fuel such as kerosene oil, gasolene, alcohol,distillate and the like, producing a gas and consuming same instantly,but more particularly my invention relates to such gas producing burnerthat may be employed in connection with furnaces, boilers, hot waterheaters, heating stoves and ranges, and the object of my invention is toprovide a gas producing burner that will be simple in its construction,comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, reliable and ciiioient tooper;

ate, easily cleaned and operated at a low cost in fuel consumption, andthat it shall be adapted to utilize for its fuel different min eralproducts and alcohol, and a further ebject of my invention is to providea gas producing burner that may be easily andquickly attached to variousforms of furnaces, boilers, hot Water heaters, heatln stoves and ranges,that are now in genera USE,-

The objects stated are attained by means of a novel combination andarrangement of parts to be hereinafter "described and claimed, and inorder that the same may be better understood, reference is had to theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification.

In the drawings, I

Figure 1 is an elevation of the burner;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section of the burner, and

Fig; 4 is an elevation,- partly in section,of

a slightly modified form of burner. Referring specifically to thedrawlngs, 10

denotes a retort chamber in which a Vapor is generated from a liquidfuel such as kerosene, gasolene, alcohol, distillate and the like. Thisretort chamber is of inverted cone shape and has at its bottom a neck 11provided with an opening to receive the upper end of a fuel-supply pipe12, the latter the pipe .12.

being screw threaded and the opening in the neclr being also screwthreaded so that said parts may be screwed together and thus detachablyconnected.

From the top of the retort chamber 10 rises a tubular arch 13 which isin open. com munication with the chamber. The top of the arch is madewith an open neck 14 to facilitate suspension of a core when the burneris being cast. The neck is closed by a screw plug 15. The under side ofthe arch, at the top thereof, has an aperture in which seats a screwplug 16 having a gas-emitting orifice l7. 1 .7 The top of the chamber 10is made convex or crowned, as shown at 18, to disperse or spread the gasor vapor spray issuing from the orifice 17, and the inner Walls of thelegsof the arch 13 are thickened, as shown at 19, to withstand the bruntof the flame as it is spread by the crowned top '18 of the chamber 10.

The burner is designed to be positioned in the fire pot of an ordinarystove. A frag ment of the grate bars of the stove is shown at 20. Thefuel-supply pipe 12 is' positioned between two adjacent grate bars,which latter are engaged on top by-an annular'outstanding flange 21 onthe pipe. Above this flange 21 the pipe 12- carries a pan 22 which 'hasa central aperture'through which the neck is screwed down thereon. Hookbolts 23 hold the hereinbefore described assembly of parts in place. onthe grate bars 20, said bolts being passed through cross pieces 24between the grate bars, or down between two ad acent grate bars in thesame manner as The'top of the chamber 10 is reinforced on the inside'bv. transverse ribs 25 to prevent warping.

A valve 26 controls the flew of fuel through-the pipe 12, this valvehaving a connection at its inlet end with a pipe 27 leading to the fuelsupply. The outlet end of the valve is suitably connected to the pipe12, as by a pipe 28 and an elbow 29. The pipe 28 passes through asuitable opening in the stove, door or wall, thuslocating the valve 26on the outside of the stove.

The pan 22 has a lining 30 of asbestos or other non-combustibleabsorbent material.

To operate the burner, the valve 26 is opened to fill the chamber 10 andthe arch.

13, the valve being kept open until the liquid fuel flows from theorifice 17. The liquid fuel escaping from the orifice drops down on thetop of the chamber 10 and runs off the same into the pan 22 soaking thelining 30. The valve is then closed, and the wet lining 30 is lighted.The flaming pan 22 quickly heats theconical wall of the chamber 10causing the liquid fuel in the latter to vaporize, this action beingevidenced by the discharge of a jet of vapor from the orifice 17. Thevalve 26 is now again opened to keep the burner going. The vapor jetescaping from the orifice 17 assumes the form of a spray which, uponmixing with the air, forms a highly combustible gas. This gas spray isdischarged on the crowned top 18 of the chamber 10 where it is ignitedand burns with a IL ldish blue flame, the latter being radiallydispersed or spread by the top of the chamber to form a globular flamebody which envelops the burner, thereby keeping the chamber 10 heated sothat the vaporization of the liquid fuel therein continues. At workingheat, the base of the chamber assumes a cherry red heat which causes theliquid fuel to vaporize as soon as it ascends the pipe 12. The fuel thusenters the chamber 10 in a vapor state and upon passing through the arch13 it undergoes a drying process, so that upon emerging from the outletorifice 17 the vapor is nearly dry and becomes perfectly dry as theintense heat from below strikes it. 4 This dried vapor thoroughly mixeswith the hot air above the chamber 10, resulting in a gaseous mixtureburning with an intensely hot flame. There is consequently producedapractically dry combustible gas, rather than a vapor as in the ordinaryvapor burners. The chamber 10 does not clog up with soot or carboncausing a burnt-oil odor. This is due to the fact that a fine stream ofliquid fuel is not confined in a thin tube and heated therein. If thereshould be a tendency toward carbonization in the pipe 12, the pressureof the fuel (a pressure fuel feed being provided) will not allow carbondeposits to accumulate and clog up the pipe. It will also be noted thatthe pipe 12 is of liberal diameter which further tends to prevent carbondeposits, and by constructing the pipe of a special cop er alloy thatresists carbon deposits, trou le from such deposits is entirelyeliminated. If carbon should form in the base of the chamber 10, it willsettle around the upper end of the pipe where it projects into thechamber, and not fall into the pipe 12 to obstruct the passage of thefuel. If the burner requires cleaning, this can be readily done bydisconnecting the parts 10 and 12.

The screw 16 is made of brass or some other metal difierent from themetal out of which the burner is made, so that the uneven expansion ofthe arch 13 will not affect the diameter of the duct 17, and the area ofthe discharge orifice therefore remains constant under all degrees ofheat. This action is probably due to the different coeflicients ofexpansion of the two metals, and to the fact that the grain of the metalof the arch is at right angles to that of the screw. Expansion of thearch therefore does not affect the screw, and expansion of the latter,it being harder metal, is linear, rather-than transmains the same whenvery hot as when it is cold.

In the modified form of burner, instead of the arched tube 13, a singletube 31 is employed which terminates above the top of the chamber 10 tobring the vapor outlet orifice in line with the center of the latter.

I claim 1. In a liquid fuel burner, a retort chamber having a fuelsupply connection, and laterally spaced, imperforate vapor conductingpipes leading from the top of said. cham. her and having a topconnecting portion. in open comn'iunication with both pipes, and spacedfrom the top of the chamber, with a discharge orifice in said connectingportion discharging between the conducting pipes and pointing in thedirection of the top of the chamber.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, a retort chamber having a bottom aperture, afuel pipe extending into said aperture and having an outstanding flange,a pan beneath the chamber held between the bottom thereof and theaforesaid flan e and a va or tronductin U pipe leading from the retortchamber and having a discharge orifice spaced from and discharging inthe direction of the top of the chamber.

ll In a liquid fuel burner, a retort chamber of inverted cone shapehaving a bottom aperture, a fuel pipe extending 'into said aperture andhaving an outstanding flange, a pan-beneath the chamber held between thebottom thereof and the aforesaid flange, and a vapor conductin pipeleading from the retort chamber and having a discharge orifice spacedfrom and discharging in the direc tion of thetop of the chamber.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, a retort chamber of inverted cone shape, afuel supply 5 pipe entering the chamber at the apex of the cone andterminating above the same,

and a vapor conducting pipe ieaiiing from the chamber and having adischarge orifice spaced from and discharging in the direction of thetop of the chamber.

In testimony whereof I efiit: my signature.

SMITH h. ATV?

